關鍵字彙：
abhor/ abominable/ aversion/ detest/ detestable/ feud/ grudge/ implacable/ loathe/ nuisance/ obnoxious/ odious/ pest/ rancor/ repellent/ repugnant/ repulsive/ revulsion/ vile
1. 對於特別是不公不義、違背道德良心的事或人感到「痛恨」，可用動詞abhor、detest或loathe：
•Most people abhor cruelty to children.
•I detest people who deceive and tell lies.
•They detest all that shooting and killing.
•We loathed the wicked villain.
2. 名詞的「痛恨」可用aversion或revulsion。和前述動詞不同的是，這兩個字所指的嫌惡除了道德層面之外，也可能是純屬個人的主觀好惡：
•The girl has a strong aversion to snakes and spiders.
•The child has a strong aversion to hard work.
•My aversion to cruelty is very strong.
•Many people in the United States who admired dictatorship underwent a revulsion when they realized what Hitler and Mussolini were trying to do.
•She turned away from the dirty food in revulsion.
3. 「令人痛恨的」、「可憎的」可用abominable、detestable、odious、repulsive或vile：
•Both racism and sexism are abominable.
•Violence is a detestable means.
•War is odious to all people except the warmonger.
•Snakes and rats are extremely repulsive to her.
•Kidnapping is a vile crime.
4. 要注意的是，項目3所列之形容詞所透露出的厭惡感，通常較為長久、不變和客觀，也就是一種人神共憤的感覺。倘若要敘述一種相對主觀、不嚴重和暫時的情緒，則較適合用obnoxious、repellent和repugnant等字。其中，obnoxious的語氣或許最強：
•The boy's bad table manners made him obnoxious to us.
•His obnoxious remarks irritated me to the point of giving him a good beating.
•Mosquitoes find the odor so repellent that they leave any spot where this liquid has been sprayed.
•The idea of moving again became repugnant to her.
•Of course I won't marry him; he is repugnant to me.
•I found his opinions repugnant.
5. 由於過去的不愉快而在心中所埋下的怨恨叫rancor。另外，有時儘管一個人討厭另一個人，但這種厭惡感卻可能是他想像出來的，這樣的恨意叫作grudge：
•Let's forget our rancor and cooperate in this new endeavor.
•They cheated me, but I feel no rancor towards/ against them.
•I always feel she has a grudge against me, although I don't know what wrong I have done her.
•Why do you bear her such a grudge?
6. 人與人、家族與家族或國與國之間的長期不和－也就是「世仇」或「宿怨」叫feud：
•Their family feud lives on.
•Romeo and Juliet's tragedy is caused by the feud between their families.
•The feud between Germany and France lasted for centuries.
7. 指仇恨「不可化解的」、「不共戴天的」要說implacable：
•There is an implacable hatred between the two families.
•He is my implacable enemy.
•I have an implacable dislike of/ for injustice.
8. 「惱人的事物或人」叫nuisance或pest。不過，兩個字經常暗示的是一些無傷大雅的情況，用來指人時甚至可能有親暱的表示。此外，pest本來的意思是有害的動物或昆蟲，做nuisance的同義字是它較不正式的用法：
•Don't make a nuisance of yourself: sit down and be quiet!
•The disruptive child was a nuisance to the class.
•I've forgotten my umbrella--what a nuisance!
•I hate to be a nuisance, but could you help me?
•Local residents claimed that the noise was causing a public nuisance.
•Please go away; do not be a pest.
•Put that back, you little pest!
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