關鍵字彙：
animate/ bolster/ catalyst/ evoke/ foment/ foster/ galvanize/ goad/ impetus/ incendiary/ incentive/ incite/ inflammatory/ instigate/ pep up/ premium/ spur/ tickle
1. 「激勵」、「鼓勵」可用animate或pep up（非正式）：
•His excitement animated us all.
•The tax-holiday policy is designed to pep up investments.
2. 強調以某種方式「激發」勇氣或「鼓舞」士氣等用bolster：
•He struggled to bolster his courage by constant praying.
•She bolstered his hopes with promises.
•The children bolstered their morale by singing.
3. 說明由於震驚而「激發」出某種行動，用galvanize：
•The fear of losing his life galvanized him into fighting back.
•The United States was galvanized into strong military activity by the news of the attack on the Pearl Harbor.
4. 「刺激」或「用以激勵之物」可用catalyst（本義是催化劑）、impetus、incentive或spur，假如是事後的獎勵品則用premium：
•His imprisonment by the government served as the catalyst that helped transform social unrest into revolution.
•Her speech gave an impetus to my ideas.
•The pay raise will serve as a strong impetus for the employees to work harder.
•Childcare grants are among a range of incentives geared at encouraging more parents to run for district council seats.
•York residents are set to be offered incentives to encourage them to recycle more of their household waste.
•His interest gave me an incentive and I worked twice as hard.
•He has got no/ little incentive.
•Pupils who dislike school must be given an incentive to learn.
•Even though knowing that their relationship was worsening, both husband and wife showed little incentive to improve it.
•Good news will be a spur to continued effort.
•Proper reward serves as a spur for the employees.
•The model student won a premium for good conduct.
5. 「喚起」記憶、感情等用evoke：
•Her singing evoked admiration from the public.
•She evoked memories of childhood when she sang the sweet lullabies.
6. 以下6個字經常指「激起」或「助長」不好的情況：foment、foster、goad 、incite、instigate、tickle。這其中，foment、incite和instigate的語氣尤為強烈，很多時候已達到「煽動」的程度：
•This report will surely foment dissension in the club.
•Ignorance fosters superstition.
•Movies and pictures about recent wars sometimes foster angry memories and feelings of hatred between nations.
•Vanity goaded him to steal.
•A strong sense of humiliation goaded the clerk to hit his boss.
•His words incited the soldiers (to anger).
•He incited them to rise up against their officers.
•Insults are likely to incite retaliation.
•I am afraid that his statement will instigate strong objections.
•He instigated discontent among the soldiers.
•She instigated the man to disobey orders.
•Your unreserved praise will tickle his vanity.
7. 「煽動性的」可用incendiary或inflammatory：
•The agitator was arrested for making incendiary speeches.
•We don't like the candidate's inflammatory speech.
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