關鍵字彙：
altruistic/ austere/ benefactor/ beneficiary/ benevolent/ benign/ compassionate/ composed/ composure/ conscientious/ despicable/ devious/ disposition/ dissolute/ equable/ equanimity/ extrovert/ exuberant/ frailty/ frantic/ frenetic/ frenzied/ ignoble/ imperturbable/ insusceptible/ integrity/ intractable/ introvert/ inveterate/ licentious/ lofty/ magnanimous/ malleable/ meek/ obdurate/ obstinate/ perverse/ philanthropist/ phlegmatic/ pliable/ pliant/ poise/ poised/ probity/ profligate/ rectitude/ refractory/ rigid/ sanguine/ scrupulous/ sedate/ smear/ stern/ stoop/ streak/ susceptible/ sway/ taciturn/ tractable/ trait/ unruffled/ unscrupulous/ uprightness/ voluptuous/ wayward
1. 「慈悲的」、「對他人之痛苦能夠感同身受的」叫compassionate：
•In spite of her own hunger and thirst, the compassionate girl gave all her food and water to the beggar.
•We should be compassionate toward the miserable.
2. 「慈善的」可用benevolent或benign。其中，benevolent可以指人或事物 ，benign則只能指人：
•He is a benevolent old man and wouldn't hurt a fly.
•They organized a benevolent club to help the underprivileged.
•Everybody likes the benign old lady.
3. 「慈善家」叫philanthropist，「施恩者」叫benefactor，「受惠者」 叫beneficiary：
•As the businessman grew older, he became famous as a philanthropist and benefactor of the needy.
•An anonymous benefactor donated 2 million.
•All the children in the neighborhood will be the beneficiaries of the new playground.
4. 對敵手「寬宏大量的」或對弱勢者「慷慨的」可用magnanimous，「利他的」叫altruistic，理想、情操等「崇高的」、「高貴的」叫lofty：
•The philanthropist was most magnanimous.
•The girl is so altruistic as to do much volunteer work on most of the weekends.
•Mediocre as we may be, we all cherish lofty aims.
•We all admire the teacher for her lofty ideals of liberal education.
•Only a man of lofty sentiments can make such a sacrifice for a mere stranger.
5. 「有良心的」、「是非分明的」、「誠實正直的」可用conscientious 或scrupulous：
•He is a conscientious teacher.
•The boy felt happy because he had done a conscientious piece of work.
•I can recommend him for a position of responsibility, for I have found him a very scrupulous young man.
6. 「誠實正直」、「剛直」可用integrity、uprightness、probity（正式）或rectitude（正式）：
•He is a man of proved integrity.
•A man of his uprightness won't take bribes.
•Everyone took the clerk's probity for granted; his defalcation, therefore, shocked us all.
•The statesman was renowned for his rectitude.
7. 「不誠實的」、「不正直的」可用devious，「昧著良心的」、「毫無道德操守的」、「寡廉鮮恥的」可用unscrupulous，「卑鄙的」、「令人不齒的」可用despicable或ignoble：
•Mary is a devious person and I don't trust her.
•He was suspected to have become rich by devious ways.
•I don't admire him at all because he has used devious means to attain his wicked ends.
•An unscrupulous acquaintance sold them some worthless stocks.
•It is despicable of you to leave your wife and family without any money.
•This plan is inspired by ignoble motives.
8. 「作賤自己」、「自貶人格」可用stoop，「玷汙」名譽、人格等可用smear：
•We liked the man who would not stoop to tell a lie.
•The old public servant's involvement in the case smeared his long-time good reputation.
9. 「個性」、「性情」可用disposition。談到整體個性中的特質，正面者通常用trait，負面者則較常用streak，至於性格上的「弱點」則用frailty：
•She has a happy disposition.
•She is of a cheerful/ sunny/ nervous disposition.
•Anne's generosity is one of her most pleasing traits.
•The chief traits of his character are bravery and kindness.
•Everyone who had been close to the king could easily found that he had a streak of cruelty.
•There's hardly a streak of kindness in his character.
•His stubborn streak makes him very difficult to work with sometimes.
•You need to have a competitive streak if you are working in marketing.
•One of the frailties of human nature is laziness.
10. 「外向者」叫extrovert，「樂觀的」可用sanguine，「神采奕奕的」可用exuberant：
•A good salesperson is usually an extrovert who likes to mingle with people.
•His sanguine disposition itself is a pledge of success.
•He remained to be exuberant all the same after the great loss of his business investment.
11. 「內向者」叫introvert，「沈默寡言的」叫taciturn：
•The poet reveals in his poems that he is an introvert by his intense interest in his own problems.
•New Englanders are reputedly taciturn people.
12. 「嚴厲的」可用austere、rigid或stern：
•Her diffidence resulted from her father's austere upbringing.
•The proctor was regarded as a rigid disciplinarian.
•She is a stern but conscientious teacher.
13. 「沈著的」、「冷靜的」可用composed、equable、imperturbable、phlegmatic、poised、sedate或unruffled：
•She is cool, composed, mistress of herself and her destiny.
•I like working with Jack because he's so calm and equable.
•Having seen people come and go, he came to acquire an equable temper.
•Imperturbable composure is essential when we are in danger.
•The nurse was a cheerful but phlegmatic person.
•We have to remain poised in an earthquake.
•The parents were worried because they felt their son was too quiet and sedate.
•Come what may, we are completely unruffled.
14. 「沈著冷靜」可用composure、equanimity或poise：
•The conductor asked the passengers to keep their composure when the train accident took place.
•He received the bad news with surprising equanimity.
•In his later years, he could look upon the foolishness of the world with equanimity and humor.
•The girl suffered her cruel fate with equanimity.
•As a girl of only 16, Janet has a great deal of poise.
15. 「狂亂的」、「心煩意亂的」可用frantic、frenetic或frenzied：
•The mother is frantic with grief when she heard that her child was dead.
•The noise is driving me frantic.
•At the time of the collision, many people became frantic with fear.
•His frenetic activities convinced us that he had no organized plan of operation.
•The people greeted their leader with frenzied shouts of joy.
•As soon as they smelled smoke, the frenzied animals proceeded to and fro in their cages.
16. 人、品格、個性等「易受影響的」、「有彈性的」、「可塑性大的」可用malleable、pliable或pliant：
•Children's character is more malleable.
•To be a leader, one must not be too pliable.
•A leader should not have pliant will.
17. 「溫順的」、「容易服從的」可用meek或tractable（正式）；「難駕馭的」、「韌性的」可用intractable或wayward；「剛愎自用的」、「刻意唱反調的」可用perverse：
•The employee was as meek as a lamb when reproved by his boss.
•Most of our children are very tractable and willing to learn.
•That intractable boy needs some discipline.
•Scolded by his parents, the wayward child ran away from home.
•The perverse janitor did just what we told him not to do.
•The perverse lad was always disobeying his parents.
18. 「易被…左右或操控的」可用susceptible，「不易被…左右或操控的」則用insusceptible，「左右」、「操控」可用sway：
•Like many people, the manager is susceptible to flattery.
•A leader must be insusceptible to flattery.
•Think independently; don't be swayed by his radical statement.
19. 「積習已深的」、「根深蒂固的」叫inveterate，「頑固的」可用obdurate、obstinate或refractory：
•Churchill was an inveterate smoker.
•The boss was obdurate in his refusal to listen to our complaints.
•He had a very obstinate determination to live as he pleased.
•The employer is as refractory as a mule.
20. 「沈迷於酒色的」、「放蕩的」可用dissolute、licentious、profligate或voluptuous：
•The dissolute life led by those nobles was indeed shocking.
•As a result of his licentious life, the young man quickly dissipated his inheritance.
•Leading a profligate life, he lost all sense of decency.
•The wealthy playboy leads a voluptuous life.
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