關鍵字彙：
artful/ beguile/ bluff/ canny/ cheat/ conjure/ counterfeit/ crafty/ deceive/ defraud/ delude/ disguise/ dupe/ duplicity/ fabricate/ fake/ feign/ forge/ forgery/ fraud/ fraudulent/ guile/ guise/ gullible/ hoax/ impostor/ juggle/ phony/ pretext/ ruse/ sham/ simulate/ sly/ spurious/ swindle/ wily
1. 談到欺騙，我們最容易想到的字莫過於deceive和cheat。先說deceive， 它強調給人錯誤資訊，這個意思可以用beguile、delude和dupe替換。dupe可做名詞用，意思是受騙上當的人。或許因為這個意思，它當動詞時通常用被動，也就是用受騙者作為句子的主詞。delude有時可以指自己騙自己。另外，受騙之後所造成的情況，前面要用介係詞into：
•His munificent ways deceived his colleagues into thinking he was a good man.
•He tried to deceive the public into believing the economy would soon be improved.
•She beguiled her mother into giving her more money.
•Helen deluded her friends into agreeing with her idea.
•It is easy to delude ourselves into thinking we are more intelligent than our friends.
•Consumers are easily duped into buying things that they don't really need.
2. 整體說來，和以deceive為首的那組字比較起來，以cheat為首的這一組指的欺騙就顯得更嚴重、更該受到譴責。cheat主要是指考試、遊戲或比賽中的作弊犯規，也指騙取錢財，騙財這個意思等於hoax、swindle和defraud。但defraud經常指嚴重違法，如向某組織或銀行大量詐財等。此外，注意defraud + 被騙取的東西或金錢 + of + 受騙的人或團體的用法：
•My brother often cheats at cards.
•He cheated in the exam by using a smart phone.
•He cheated/ hoaxed/ swindled her out of her money.
•The gangsters hoaxed the young girl out of her money.
•The factory used some defective goods to defraud the company a large sum of money.
•He defrauded more than one million dollars of an old lady.
3. 名詞的「欺騙」或「騙局」，除了deceit、deception等字之外，也可用guile、duplicity和ruse。guile和duplicity是不可數名詞，ruse為可數，但它主要是指那些無傷大雅的小伎倆。另外，為了隱藏動機或逃避責任、義務等所編的「藉口」，除了excuse之外，pretext是另一個應該學會的單字：
•We all sneered at his promotion because he got it by guile and adulation.
•They should not continue to condone his duplicity.
•I have to conceive a ruse to make her go with me.
•The studious girl never uses sickness as her pretext for absence from class.
•Many acts of cruelty were done out of the pretext of religion.
4. 「冒牌貨」可用fake和fraud，但fraud的語氣要比fake重得多，而且也可以用來指具體的詐騙事件或行為：
•The presumable manuscript of Paradise Lost turned out to be a fake.
•The supposed washable woolen dress is a fraud because it became smaller after I washed it.
•He was charged with fraud.
•He was sent to prison for several frauds.
5. 「冒牌貨」之外，fake和fraud也有「騙子」的意思，這個意思還可以用impostor和phony。其中，phony是俚語：
•A clerk of the bank finally convinced the old gentleman that the guy he believed to be a prosecutor was a sheer fake.
•If someone tells you that he is able to memorize 2000 English words a day, you may almost conclude that he is a fraud.
•He is nothing but a phony.
•The engineer was unmasked as an impostor.
•The presumed heir to the estate was discovered to be an impostor.
6. 形容詞「騙人的」cheating、deceitful之外，還可用fraudulent。另外，形容假東西或冒充某種身分的人，可用fake、spurious和counterfeit。counterfeit經常指「偽造的」錢幣或鈔票，fake現在也常用來形容不確實的消息（假新聞）：
•The real murderer beguiled the police with a fraudulent alibi.
•A fake jeweler deceived the lady into buying a spurious diamond ring.
•Laypeople have great difficulty distinguishing a genuine work of art from a spurious one.
•He gave the boy some counterfeit coins.
•It may be hard to specify what should be regarded as fake news.
7. 形容人頗善於騙人或「詭計多端的」，可用artful、crafty、sly和wily。這4個字的意思基本上差別不大。當然，也可以用較常見的cunning：
•The man attained his mean objective by artful measures.
•In how to defeat his opponents and win the election, the mayor was as crafty/ sly/ wily as a fox.
8. 指人「容易受騙的」，用gullible。相反的，形容人不只不容易受騙，可能還頗精明，尤其在錢財方面，用canny：
•Children and old people tend to be more gullible than others.
•A canny investor earned 1 million dollars last year.
•Perhaps it is not necessary for us to be too canny, but it may be necessary to be less gullible.
9. 其它一些與「欺騙」相關的用字：
A. 純粹為了好玩或為特別目的（正面和負面）所作的「假裝」，可用動詞simulate、feign和sham。feign比較正式，可接受詞或子句，sham則可接或不接受詞：
•A sheet of metal was shaken to simulate the noise of thunder.
•The children simulated a scene of robbery for fun.
•The murderer simulated insanity in order to avoid more severe punishment.
•To avoid more danger, the girl feigned that she was sleeping when the burglar broke into her room.
•He feigned to be angry, but we saw through his pretense.
•The lazy boy often feigns/ shams sickness so as not to go to school.
•He is not really dead but is only shamming.
B. 假扮為另外一個身分或把某種特質暫時隱藏起來，用disguise，假扮之後的「樣子或身分」，用guise：
•She disguised herself as a man, but she couldn't disguise her voice.
•In the guise of a plumber, the detective investigated the murder case.
C. 偽造文書的「偽造」，用forge。偽造的行為叫forgery。另外，「捏造」事實騙人叫fabricate：
•The rogue forged a notification of the court to hoax the old man out of all his lifelong savings.
•Many people have argued that we need to increase the penalty for forgery.
•He fabricated a wonderful story, but nobody would believe him anymore.
•Ann fabricated a story that she would go to study in Australia two months later.
D. 「虛張聲勢地騙人或嚇人」，用bluff：
•In an attempt to bluff the big boy, the small boy said that his father was a policeman.
•The grocer bluffed the robber with an unloaded gun.
•Don't be frightened; she is only bluffing.
E. 在帳目或數據等上面「動手腳」騙人，可用juggle。它後面可以接介係詞with，也可以不接。juggle也指迅速利落地同時把好幾樣東西在空中拋來拋去，這種有點像在耍魔術的意思有一點類似conjure：
•The scientist juggled (with) the statistics and claimed that global warming was not as serious as we imagined.
•To create a semblance of growth, the boss asked his secretary to juggle the account.
•He juggled (with) two sticks and four balls on television yesterday.
•The young man conjured a chicken from his otherwise empty bag.
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