關鍵字彙：
audacious/ audacity/ chivalrous/ craven/ cringe/ doughty/ effrontery/ flinch/ foolhardy/ gallant/ grit/ impetuous/ imprudent/ intrepid/ mettle/ precipitate/ rash/ reckless/ recoil/ temerity/ undaunted/ valiant/ valor/ wince
1. 「勇氣」可用mettle、valor（正式；文言）或grit（非正式）：
•When challenged by the other horses in the race, the thoroughbred proved its mettle by its determination to hold the lead.
•His mettle was tried in battle.
•The soldier was decorated for his valor under fire.
•John is a man of true grit.
2. 「勇敢的」可用doughty、gallant或valiant（正式或文言）：
•The story of the doughty pioneer has been filmed time and again.
•A gallant soldier is the nation's asset.
•No knight was more valiant than Sir Lancelot.
3. 「無所畏懼的」、「有冒險精神的」可用intrepid或undaunted；「如武士般的」、「有俠義精神的」叫chivalrous：
•The soldier was promoted for his intrepid conduct.
•We must face the future with undaunted spirits.
•A chivalrous spirit forbade him to attack an enemy who was in trouble.
•A chivalrous man is hard to find nowadays.
4. 勇敢過了頭變成「大膽的」用audacious，「大膽」可用audacity或temerity（正式），「厚顏無恥」可用effrontery：
•The teacher was quite worried about John's audacious ideas.
•Audacious behavior will be frowned upon.
•It took me much audacity to say "No" to the domineering manager.
•He had the audacity to plagiarize my ideas.
•The young captain had the temerity to order an attack when hopelessly outnumbered.
•Don't leap into battle with thoughtless temerity.
•You damaged my bicycle last week, and now you have the effrontery to want to use my car!
5. 「有勇無謀的」叫foolhardy：
•A foolhardy general may cause the death of many of his soldiers.
•He was foolhardy to try when he knew he would fail.
•Please stop being foolhardy.
6. 「衝動的」、「魯莽的」可用impetuous、imprudent、precipitate（正式）、rash或reckless：
•We tried to curb his impetuous behavior because we felt that in his haste he might offend some people.
•The father told his son that it was imprudent to marry a girl with whom he fell in love at first sight.
•Do not be precipitate in this matter; investigate further.
•The boy was so rash as to cross the street without looking both ways.
•We have too many reckless drivers in the city.
7. 「退縮」、「畏縮」可用flinch、recoil或wince。假如強調夾雜著恐懼和自覺卑微而退縮，用cringe。另外，「懦夫」可用craven：
•Paul didn't flinch once when the doctor was cleaning the wound.
•The boy did not flinch to have a tooth pulled out.
•Brave as he was, he recoiled at seeing a snake in the path.
•She winced as she touched the cold body.
•The boy winced at his father's angry words.
•The slaves cringed every time their angry master raised his whip.
•For a soldier, fleeing from the battlefield is an act of a craven.
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