關鍵字彙：
component/ constituent/ disintegrate/ disrupt/ encompass/ entity/ fragment/ fusion/ gamut/ incorporate/ ingredient/ integrate/ medley/ motley/ scrap/ segment/ shred/ sliver/ splinter/ stub
1. 「片段」、「碎片」或「未完成的作品」叫fragment，刻意從大片物體上取下 的「小碎片」用scrap或shred，「尖銳的小碎片」叫splinter或sliver（正式），香煙、鉛筆等的「末段」叫stub：
•He dropped the bowl on the floor, and it broke into fragments.
•This play is the fragment of a play by a famous writer who died earlier before finishing it.
•Finding his friend out, he cut a scrap of paper and scrawled a note to her.
•The strong wind tore the sail to shreds.
•To vent her spleen, she broke the mirror into splinters.
•My mom got a splinter in her finger.
•Look out for the slivers of glass on the floor.
•Don't let the baby get the stub of the pencil; he might swallow it.
2. 「成份」可用component、constituent或ingredient：
•The factory supplies electrical components for cars.
•Fresh fruit and vegetables are an essential component of a healthy diet.
•A chemist can separate a medicine into its components.
•Flour, liquid, salt, and yeast are constituents of bread.
•All the ingredients of the dish can be bought here.
3. 「實體」、「獨立存在體」叫entity，涵蓋一般情況與細節的「整個範圍」用gamut：
•Since Korea was divided, it is no longer one political entity.
•The Orchid Island may be regarded as a separate ethnic and cultural entity.
•Each entity of the series requires separate study.
•He has run the whole gamut of human experience.
•In her stories she expresses the whole gamut of emotions from happiness to sorrow.
4. 「融合」、「聯合」、「結合」、「混和」可用fusion或medley，如果融合地不是很有序，更適合用motley：
•There is a great deal of variety among the people of that nation; they are the result of the fusion of several races.
•A fusion of interests prompted the corporations to merge.
•In Hawaii, there is a medley of races.
•The menu described the dessert as "a medley of exotic fruits."
•That organization is a motley of nations and races.
5. 「整合」、「合併」可用integrate或incorporate，「把整體分成部份」 叫segment，「分裂」可用disrupt，「崩解」、「瓦解」叫disintegrate：
•I integrated your suggestion with my plan.
•We are aiming at an economic system that successfully integrates private gain with public responsibility.
•They incorporated his new ideas into their plans.
•The new plan incorporated the old one.
•I incorporated the new plan with the old.
•Oranges usually segment/ are usually segmented into several pieces.
•The teacher tried to segment the poem into understandable units.
•Factious quarrels may disrupt the state.
•With the rise of nationalism, the colonial empires disintegrated.
•Some pessimists believe that society is beginning to disintegrate.
•These ancient walls were disintegrated by time and weather.
6. 「涵蓋」、「納入」可用encompass：
•This is a book that encompasses almost all the range of people's religious beliefs.
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