關鍵字彙：
bail out/ booming/ commodity/ consign/ coupon/ defective/ dispatch/ doldrums/ dump/ embargo/ entrepreneur/ exorbitant/ exposition/ faulty/ flourish/ haggle/ hoard/ laissez faire/ magnate/ merchandise/ monopolize/ mortgage/ patronage/ pawn/ peddler, pedlar/ poach/ prosper/ rebate/ recession/ reckon/ slump/ speculate/ stagnant/ subsidize/ tariff/ thrive/ transaction/ transit/ tycoon/ usury/ vender, vendor/ warrant
1. 經濟「景氣的」、「繁榮的」可用booming。另外，「生意興隆」可用動詞flourish、prosper或thrive，「一大批顧客」可用patronage：
•Business is booming these days: we shall all grow rich!
•The bank is flourishing; it has opened two more branches this year.
•The company has been prospering since the new manager came.
•Good management is one of the most important factors to make a business thrive.
•The store developed a large patronage by offering fair prices and courteous service.
2. 「不景氣的」叫stagnant，「經濟蕭條」可用doldrums。如果指一段蕭條期間，用recession或slump：
•The government should put some life back into our stagnant industry.
•The memory of the economic doldrums of the early seventies is still vivid.
•We hope the economic recession won't last long.
•Tourism is currently in a slump.
3. 「囤積」可用hoard，「投機」叫speculate，「壟斷」（市場）叫monopolize，「計算」（成本）叫reckon。另外，企業向其它企業「挖角」可用poach：
•Some merchants hoarded sugar during war.
•He became rich by speculating in gold mines.
•These two firms are so big and powerful that they monopolize the production and sale of cigarettes in this country.
•Microsoft's software products have monopolized the market.
•The cost must be carefully reckoned before pricing.
•The fear that employees will be poached discourages firms from investing in the young.
4. 「買賣」、「交易」可用名詞transaction，為促進買賣所辦的「展示會」或「展覽」叫exposition：
•All the firm's transactions were carefully recorded.
•An industrial exposition will be held next month.
5. 英文中，意為「商品」的主要有merchandise和commodity二字。merchandise主要指的是店家、商場所買賣的東西和進出口貨物。commodity的意思則相對鬆散和不特定，除了特別指出口的農、礦產品之外，凡可讓人換取利益（主要為金錢）的東西都可以被稱為commodity。此外，commodity有單、複數，merchandise則是不可數名詞：
•Although this is a small store, the merchandise sold is varied and carefully selected.
•Shoppers were complaining about poor quality merchandise and high prices.
•Japan exported $117 billion in merchandise to US in 1999.
•Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad.
•The country's most valuable commodities include gold and petroleum.
•Commodities are exchanged for money.
•The poet wouldn't publish his poetry, for he didn't want his work to be treated as a kind of commodity.
6. 產品「有瑕疵的」叫defective或faulty，「保證」貨品的品質叫warrant：
•We have stopped doing business with that factory, for it repeatedly provided us defective/ faulty machinery.
•The manufacturer warranted the merchandise to be exactly as described in the catalog.
•The grower warrants that these plants (to be) free from disease/ warrants (that) they are free from disease.
7. 「討價還價」叫haggle，價格「高得不合理的」叫exorbitant：
•The housewife used to haggle with shopkeepers.
•That hotel charges exorbitant prices.
8. 「折扣」可用rebate，「折價券」、「優惠券」叫coupon：
•The wholesaler offered a rebate of five percent to those who paid cash.
•I have a coupon for 15 dollars off that packet of soap.
•By the end of June, customers with five coupons can get a choice half-price steak.
9. 「送貨」可用動詞consign與dispatch或名詞transit：
•The goods were consigned to you by railway and should have arrived by now.
•We'll consign the goods by express.
•The parcel needs to be dispatched with remarkable promptness.
•A portion of the commodity was damaged in transit.
•His letter must have got lost in transit.
10. 為借錢而「抵押」叫mortgage，「典當」叫pawn，「放高利貸」用名詞usury：
•The house was mortgaged to the bank for thirty thousand dollars.
•Her husband's failure in business forced her to pawn all her jewels.
•The loan shark was found guilty of usury.
11. 「企業家」、「創業者」叫entrepreneur，「大亨」、「工商業鉅子」 叫magnate或tycoon：
•Opponents for our present tax program argue that it discourages entrepreneurs from trying new fields of business activity.
•The steel magnate decided to devote more time to city politics.
•The foundation was instituted by an oil tycoon.
12. 「攤販」叫vender (vendor)，「沿街叫賣的小販」叫peddler (pedlar)：
•The candy vender (vendor) is very popular with the children.
•The itinerant peddler (pedlar) was carrying his wares along the street.
13. 政府對企業「紓困」與「補助」分別用bail out和subsidize：
•The government can't promise to bail out all the companies.
•The small industry will be bailed out by the government's timely loan.
•This industry is subsidized by the government.
14. 以明顯低廉的價格把貨物賣到國外－也就是「傾銷」－叫dump：
•Japan has been accused of dumping its steel to the United States.
15. 「關稅」叫tariff，尊重市場機制、對經貿不加以干預的「自由競爭政策」叫laissez faire，因政治等理由所採取的「禁運」叫embargo：
•There is a very high tariff on cosmetics.
•Can laissez faire solve the economic problems of Britain?
•The memory of oil embargo laid by the Arabs is still vivid.
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