關鍵字彙：
debut/ embark on/ embryo/ expire/ forerunner/ genesis/ harbinger/ herald/ inaugurate/ inception/ incipient/ infrastructure/ initiate/ launch/ nascent/ outset/ pioneer/ preamble/ precursor/ preliminary/ prelude/ pristine/ prologue/ terminate/ valedictory/ vanguard
1. 「開始」可用動詞initiate（正式），若要強調「開始」新的或困難的事情，用片語embark on；強調「開啟」新時代、新紀元，用inaugurate：
•The villagers have decided to initiate legal proceedings against the chemical factory.
•Hague initiated a series of reforms of the Conservative Party.
•We shall initiate urgent negotiations with our Asian allies.
•Intellectuals have initiated a debate on human cloning.
•The company has initiated a management training program for small businesses.
•The brothers are embarking on a new business.
•The celebrated retired professor has not yet accustomed himself to the new way of life that he embarked on.
•When the Berlin wall fell in November 1989, a new era of democracy was inaugurated.
•The invention of the internal combustion engine inaugurated a new era in travel.
•The invention of the computer inaugurated a new era in administration.
•The new government was hoped to inaugurate a period of economic prosperity.
2. 新產品「開賣」或「開始」大規模活動（如軍事攻擊）、公共投資、生涯或計畫等可用動詞launch。它也用作名詞，意思是「發表會」、「發布會」、「啟動儀式」等。此外，「初次公開表演」可用名詞debut：
•The company announced it will launch a new version of its software in March.
•The charity has launched a campaign to raise 10 million.
•The police confirmed that an inquiry has been launched into the incident.
•The father intends to launch his son into business after the latter's graduation from college.
•The project officially launches next Monday.
•How much champagne will we need for the launch?
•The normally publicity-shy director will be making several public appearances for the launch of the movie.
•Illness prevented her attending the launch party for her latest album.
•The car has enjoyed modest success since its launch, but the modified version is expected to be far more popular.
•The system has been plagued with glitches ever since its launch.
•The singer made his debut as Mozart's Don Giovanni.
•The actress' debut on the stage was a success.
3. 名詞「開始」可用outset，「源頭」、「起源」可用genesis，「成立」、「創立」可用inception，重大事件的「序幕」或「導火線」可用prelude或prologue，「前言」可用preamble（正式）：
•At the outset of his career, the now successful businessman was merely a peddler.
•I did not like him from the outset.
•Chemistry had its genesis in alchemy.
•Since its inception in the early 20th century, the college has educated many brilliant scholars in the field of literary criticism.
•The border raid was the prelude to more serious attacks.
•The failure of the summit talk may mean the prologue to another war.
•In the preamble to the Constitution, the purpose of the document is set forth.
4. 「先驅（者）」、「先兆」可用forerunner、harbinger（文言）、herald（文言）、precursor、pioneer和vanguard。其中，pioneer和vanguard只能指人，其餘各字人或事物均可適用：
•It is believed that strange animal behavior is a forerunner of huge earthquakes.
•Anna L. Barbauld, Charlotte Smith, and Mary Robinson were the forerunners of English Romantic poetry.
•The cock serves as the harbinger of dawn.
•The robin is the harbinger of spring.
•Haughtiness is the harbinger of his doom.
•The ruler turned out to be the harbinger of a sanguinary civil war.
•These tiny flowers are the first heralds of spring.
•The new president is expected to be the herald of a period of strong economy.
•Biological research has often been a precursor to medical breakthroughs.
•Newton was one of the precursors of modern science.
•He was a pioneer of operations on the human brain.
•Paul's father is a pioneer heart surgeon.
•Those young women are the vanguard of fashion and fad.
•The students considered themselves the vanguard of the independence movement.
•In the modern world, scientists are the vanguard of all industrial developments.
5. 「原始的」、「未被破壞的」可用pristine（正式；文言），「預備的」、「初步的」可用preliminary，「初期的」可用incipient或nascent（正式），「初期」、「萌芽期」可用embryo：
•The scenic spot has been preserved in all its pristine wildness.
•The committee held a preliminary discussion to set up the agenda of the conference.
•You must go to bed early to break an incipient cold.
•The nascent republic needs a lot of money and technologists for development.
•The new project is still in embryo.
6. 讓組織或企業得以開始運作的「基礎設施」叫infrastructure：
•The infrastructure of our economy is almost complete.
7. 「終結」可用terminate，「到期」叫expire：
•A bickering terminated their friendly relations.
•The trade agreement between the two countries will expire next year.
•His furlough will expire on Friday.
8. 「告別的」、「道別的」可用valedictory（正式；文言）：
•The graduation ceremony will end with a valedictory address by the highest-ranking student.
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